Medical Test Reference Values | Societal Echoes

Health Reference Guide

Medical Test Reference Values

രക്തപരിശോധന സാധാരണ മൂല്യങ്ങൾ

A complete reference of normal laboratory test ranges for adults. Use these as a general guide — always consult your doctor for personalised interpretation.

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

സമ്പൂർണ രക്ത പരിശോധന

9 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
HaemoglobinHb	M 13.5 – 17.5 F 12.0 – 15.5	g/dL	Oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells
Red Blood CellsRBC	M 4.5 – 5.9 F 4.0 – 5.2	×10⁶/µL	Count of red blood cells per microlitre
White Blood CellsWBC	All 4,500 – 11,000	/µL	Immune system cells; elevated in infections
PlateletsPLT	All 150,000 – 400,000	/µL	Blood clotting cells
HaematocritHCT / PCV	M 41 – 53% F 36 – 46%	%	% of blood volume occupied by RBCs
Mean Corpuscular VolumeMCV	All 80 – 100	fL	Average size of a red blood cell
MCH	All 27 – 33	pg	Average haemoglobin per RBC
MCHC	All 32 – 36	g/dL	Haemoglobin concentration in RBCs
ESR (Westergren)ESR	M 0 – 15 F 0 – 20	mm/hr	Inflammation marker; rises with age

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Basic Metabolic Panel

അടിസ്ഥാന രക്ത രസതന്ത്ര പരിശോധനകൾ

8 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
Fasting Blood GlucoseFBG	All 70 – 99	mg/dL	Fasting ≥126 indicates diabetes
SodiumNa⁺	All 136 – 145	mEq/L	Key electrolyte; regulates fluid balance
PotassiumK⁺	All 3.5 – 5.1	mEq/L	Critical for heart and muscle function
ChlorideCl⁻	All 98 – 107	mEq/L	Maintains acid-base balance
CalciumCa²⁺	All 8.5 – 10.5	mg/dL	Bones, nerves, muscle contraction
MagnesiumMg²⁺	All 1.7 – 2.4	mg/dL	Enzyme function, muscle, nerve
Uric AcidUA	M 3.5 – 7.2 F 2.6 – 6.0	mg/dL	Elevated in gout and kidney disease
C-Reactive ProteinCRP	All Less than 1.0	mg/L	Inflammation and infection marker

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Lipid Profile

ലിപിഡ് പ്രൊഫൈൽ / കൊളസ്‌ട്രോൾ പരിശോധന

5 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
Total CholesterolTC	All < 200	mg/dL	Desirable <200; high ≥240
LDL CholesterolLDL-C	All < 100	mg/dL	“Bad” cholesterol; risks plaque build-up
HDL CholesterolHDL-C	M > 40 F > 50	mg/dL	“Good” cholesterol; protects heart health
TriglyceridesTG	All < 150	mg/dL	Fats carried in the blood from food intake
VLDL CholesterolVLDL	All 2 – 30	mg/dL	Calculated as Triglycerides ÷ 5

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Liver Function Tests (LFT)

കരൾ പ്രവർത്തന പരിശോധന

5 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
ALT (SGPT)ALT	M 7 – 56 F 7 – 45	U/L	Liver enzyme; rises in hepatitis, fatty liver
AST (SGOT)AST	M 10 – 40 F 9 – 32	U/L	Found in liver and heart muscle tissues
Alkaline PhosphataseALP	All 44 – 147	U/L	Elevated in bile duct blockages or bone issues
Total BilirubinTBIL	All 0.1 – 1.2	mg/dL	Bile pigment; high levels cause jaundice
AlbuminALB	All 3.4 – 5.4	g/dL	Main protein made by the liver

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Kidney Function Tests (KFT / RFT)

വൃക്കകളുടെ പ്രവർത്തന പരിശോധന

3 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
Serum CreatinineCr	M 0.7 – 1.3 F 0.6 – 1.1	mg/dL	Waste product from muscle wear; vital kidney health indicator
Blood Urea NitrogenBUN	All 7 – 20	mg/dL	Measures nitrogenous waste in blood stream
Estimated GFReGFR	All > 90	mL/min/1.73m²	Values below 60 indicate potential kidney disease

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Thyroid Function Test (TFT)

തൈറോയ്ഡ് ഗ്രന്ഥി പരിശോധന

3 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
Thyroid Stimulating HormoneTSH	All 0.4 – 4.0	mIU/L	High indicates Hypothyroidism; low indicates Hyperthyroidism
Free ThyroxineFT4	All 0.8 – 1.8	ng/dL	Active form of the primary thyroid hormone
Free TriiodothyronineFT3	All 2.3 – 4.2	pg/mL	Used primarily to evaluate tissue metabolic rates

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Diabetes & Glycemic Assessment

പ്രമേഹ പരിശോധനകൾ

3 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
Glycated HaemoglobinHbA1c	All < 5.7%	%	Normal: <5.7%; Prediabetes: 5.7–6.4%; Diabetes: ≥6.5%
Post Prandial GlucosePPBS	All < 140	mg/dL	Blood sugar evaluated exactly 2 hours post-meal
Random Blood SugarRBS	All 70 – 140	mg/dL	Measured at any time regardless of meal schedules

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Essential Vitamins

വിറ്റാമിൻ പരിശോധനകൾ

2 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy)25(OH)D	All 30 – 100	ng/mL	Deficiency is diagnosed at values below 20 ng/mL
Vitamin B12B12	All 200 – 900	pg/mL	Essential for nerve performance and DNA replication cycles

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Reproductive & Regulatory Hormones

ഹോർമോൺ പരിശോധനകൾ

2 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
Serum TestosteroneTESTO	M 270 – 1070 F 15 – 70	ng/dL	Main sex hormone in men; low levels affect energy
ProlactinPRL	M < 15 F < 25	ng/mL	Elevated configurations point toward pituitary gland tracking

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Urinalysis Routine Profile

മൂത്ര പരിശോധന സിദ്ധാന്തങ്ങൾ

3 tests

Test Name	Normal Range	Unit	Notes
Urine ProteinPRO	All Negative	mg/dL	Presence implies microfiltration cracks inside renal cells
Urine GlucoseGLU	All Negative	mg/dL	Spills into urine when systemic thresholds pass 180 mg/dL
Specific GravitySG	All 1.005 – 1.030	Ratio	Evaluates water retention capabilities of renal tracks

📋 Data Verification Sources:

These reference fields are designed in accordance with global framework thresholds compiled from the following consensus groups:

World Health Organization (WHO) Labcorp Global Reference Library Mayo Clinic Laboratories